BEF 362 – School, Culture, and Society

Spring 2008

 

  

Course Time: T & R, 9:30-10:45

Instructor:       Dr. John Petrovic

Office:              323 Graves Hall

Office hours: by appointment

Contact:           205 348 0465, mailto:petrovic@bamaed.ua.edu

On the web:   http://www.bama.ua.edu/~jpetrovi/

 

 

I. Course Catalog Description

 

An examination of the social, philosophical, and historical foundations of education in a modern democratic society. Critical attention is paid to developing in preservice teachers the understandings and proficiencies needed for working with students from diverse backgrounds to ensure that all students have the opportunity to learn.

 

II. Conceptual Framework 

 

The College of Education prepares practitioners who understand the purposes of education and have the ability to engage in the ongoing processes of reflection and dialogue that lie at the heart of socially-responsible, theoretically-informed, and research-based effective practice.

                                     

The complete conceptual framework for the College of Education can be read at http://education.ua.edu/ncate/cf.html.

 

III. Course Overview/Rationale for the Course

 

Teaching in the public schools is not just about you and a group of children/students engaging in enjoyable activities. Schools are social institutions that have been created in certain ways, not always because people actually intended them to be that way but because certain choices were made about money, organization, and control which then resulted in the schools we have today. Schools reflect the society in which they exist, and it is important for you to understand that relationship and how it came about so that you can begin to think about how you might work for change when you are one of the actors within a school setting. Thus, in this course we will examine the role that philosophical, historical, and sociological inquiries play in educational theory and, subsequently, our beliefs about the purposes of schooling and our approaches to achieving those ends. We will also begin to imagine ways in which schools can be transformed to meet the changing social, political, and cultural context of the 21st century.

 

Teachers need to be able to evaluate critically the multitude of suggestions for how schools should be run, reformed, and restructured. To do this, you need to be clear about your own philosophies of teaching and learning and your own beliefs about how race, class, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, among other characteristics, impact the ways students experience schooling in today’s society. We will spend considerable time in this course reading about and discussing such issues.

 

Finally, you should be aware that this in not a “methods” course. It is not designed to prepare you to teach in the direct ways that other courses in your preparation will. While we will often discuss pedagogy, this course is designed to introduce you to your chosen profession broadly. As a teacher, you will need to have certain skills, attitudes, and dispositions to be successful. You will need to have a sense of the great responsibility a teacher takes on, concern with the quality of your work and a habit of reflecting on it, a desire to learn and improve yourself, curiosity about new ideas, an interest in developing collegiality and working cooperatively with others, punctuality, organization, dependability, and respect for those involved in the hard work of providing formal education. You need to be politically informed to be a leader for progressive educational reform in a diverse society. You need to be philosophically informed to provide children educational opportunities worth wanting. These are the primary goals of this course.

           

IV. Knowledge Base

 

Central to this course will be an analysis of schooling through sociological, political, historical, cultural, and philosophical inquiries. A primary focus of these inquiries will be toward the development of the proficiencies needed to meet the educational needs of diverse students. The course also helps student gain the knowledge, skills, and dispositions needed to “teach from multicultural and global perspectives that draw on the histories, experiences, and representations of students from diverse cultural backgrounds” (NCATE, Standard I, p. 31). Through these various inquiries, we will reflect upon our own distinctive location in history and interrogate the possibilities education holds for realizing each individual’s potential and promoting a more democratic, socially just society. Further, this course is designed to equip students with certain types of knowledge mandated by NCATE, the College of Education (as reflected in the conceptual framework referred to above), and the Alabama State Department of Education.

 

First, with its focus on the social context of schooling, diversity, and culture, the knowledge base for this course ensures that teacher candidates will obtain the knowledge that NCATE (Standard I) deems as imperative for preservice teachers:

 

Candidates preparing to work in schools as teachers or other school personnel need a sound professional knowledge base to understand learning and the context of schools, families, and communities. They understand and are able to apply knowledge related to the social, historical, and philosophical foundations of education, professional ethics, law, and policy…They understand language acquisition; cultural influences on learning; exceptionalities; diversity of student populations, families, and communities; and inclusion and equity in classrooms and schools…They understand the importance of using research in teaching and other professional roles and know the roles and responsibilities of the education profession” (p. 19).

 

Second, with its emphasis on developing reflective practitioners who possess a philosophical basis for ethical decision making, the course aids students in respecting diversity, honoring difference, and promoting social justice, key goals of the College of Education as iterated in its Conceptual Framework.

 

Third, the knowledge base of this course will ensure that preservice teachers have had opportunities to accomplish the following goals related to diversity and professionalism as explicated in the Alabama State Department of Education:

 

 Alabama

Standard/Rule

290-3-3-.04

ALABAMA QUALITY TEACHING STANDARDS

(1)(c)1.(i)

Knowledge of the structure of the academic disciplines related to the subject-matter content areas of instruction and of the important facts and central concepts, principles, theories, and tools of inquiry associated with these disciplines.

(2)(c)4.(iv)

Knowledge of the importance of parents and/or families as active partners in planning and supporting student learning.

(3)(c)1.(i)

Knowledge of standard oral and written communications.

(3)(c)1.(ii)

 

Knowledge of the impact of native language and linguistic background on language acquisition.

(4)(c)1.(i)

 

Knowledge of the ways in which student learning is influenced by individual experiences and out-of- school learning, including language and family/community values and conditions.

(4)(c)1.(ii)

 

Knowledge of cultural, ethnic, gender, linguistic, and socio-economic differences and how these may affect individual learner needs, preferences, and styles.

(4)(c)1.(iii)

 

Knowledge of the characteristics of one's own culture and use of language and of how they differ from

(4)(c)5.(i)

Knowledge of how personal/cultural biases can affect teaching and learning.

          (5)(c)4.(i)

Knowledge of research relating collective responsibility for student learning to increased achievement for all students.

(5)(c)4.(ii)

 

Knowledge of the principles of individual and organizational change and a commitment to assume personal responsibility for leading and supporting others in results-oriented changes.

(5)(c)5.(i)

 

Knowledge of appropriate professional behavior and dispositions expected of professionals as outlined in the Alabama Educator Code of Ethics.

 

 

V. Course Text and Readings

           

There is no required text book for this course.

 

Readings are readily available in two ways: (1) a complete reading packet is available at the McClure Education Library for you to check out and copy; (2) individual readings are linked on the electronic syllabus. Go to the electronic syllabus and scroll down to this point. Click on the following to access

 

 

All SPRING readings

 

All other readings for Unit 2

 

All PLATO readings

 

All other readings for Unit 3

 

Both APPLE chapters

All other readings for Unit 4

 

The MARTIN reading

 

 

 

 

If you choose option #2, please note that I do not always have control over broken links or the availability of the server. Therefore, you should attempt to access articles for a given class period at least a week in advance so that problems can be resolved in a timely manner. Also remember that you have a daily limit on the number of pages you can print out on university printers.  

 

VI. Assignments, Course Requirements, Grading, and Policies

 

·      Exam 1                  30 points            

·      Exam 2                  30 points                     

·      Exam 3                  30 points

·      Participation       10 points

   

Attendance. Class attendance is mandatory. Each absence beyond the third will result in 2 points being deducted from your grade. Doctor's excuses or family emergencies will be taken into consideration.

 

Reading Responses. For each set of readings, there is a set of reading questions. You will provide responses to these questions on one side of an index card. These need not be formally written, but can be in “note” form. On the other side of the card, you will write one question you have about the reading and one reaction to the reading. A total of fifteen cards is required with a minimum of three cards being submitted in January, February, March, and April.

 

Exams. Exams will consist of a variety of question types including multiple choice, fill in the blank, and essay (among other possibilities). Students will help to write the exam (excluding essays) and, depending on the number of acceptable items you submit to me, anywhere from 0-50% of the exam items (excluding essay questions) will be known to you prior to sitting the exam. Each exam will consist of 20-40 items AND 3 or 4 essay questions of which you will choose 2 or 3 to answer.

 

Note that there are four exams listed on the course schedule below. You are required to sit and pass all four exams. However, only your three highest exam scores will count toward your final grade. Should you get a “D” or lower on any one of the exams, you lose the privilege of having only the top three scores count and all four exam scores will count toward your final grade.

   

Statement of Equal Treatment and Disabilities. The instructor and students in this course will act with integrity and strive to engage in equitable verbal and non-verbal behavior with respect to differences arising from age, gender, race, physical ability, religious preferences, sexual orientation, and national origin. If you are registered with the Office of Disability Services, please make an appointment with the instructor as soon as possible to discuss any course accommodations that may be necessary. If you have a disability but have not contacted the Office of Disability Services, please call 354-5175 or visit Osband Hall to register for services.

 

Extra Credit. You may do one assignment for extra credit. The assignment is to choose one of the policy issues raised in the readings for April 24. Research this topic further by reading at least 3 outside readings that address the topic. Two of the three readings should be empirical as opposed to position papers. Summarize the results of your research and prepare a presentation to be made to the class on April 24. Your presentation will be graded on a 0-5 point scale, to be added to your final point total in the class.

 

Final Grading. The final grading will be as follows: 100+=A+, 93-100=A, 90-92=A-, 87-89=B+, 83-86=B, 80-82=B-, 75-79=C+, 70-74=C, 65-69=C-, 60-64=D+, 55-59=D, 50-54=D-.

 

VII. Schedule of Course Topics and Readings 

 

 

Date

Reading Questions

Reading

 

Jan. 10

Introduction to course and opening lecture

none

 

Unit 1:  The Purposes of Education in a Democratic Society: Philosophical and Historical Foundations

 

Jan. 15

What is democracy? What have been the purposes of schooling historically? What are they contemporarily? What should they be?

Spring, ch. 1

 

Jan. 17

How does the early history of education illustrate the debate between Mann and Brownson, the models of schooling discussed by Spring, and the design of schools to reflect the social contract?

 

None,  Video, School, Part 1

 

Jan. 22

What was Plato’s epistemology? What are the implications for educational policy/practice?

Plato, ch. 9

Plato, ch. 4

 

Jan. 24

How does Martin’s epistemology differ from Plato’s? What are the implications for educational policy/practice?

Martin

Jan. 29

What is Dewey’s epistemology? Is it more similar to Plato’s or Martin’s? In what ways? What are the implications for educational policy/practice?

None, Video, John Dewey

Jan. 31

Review

none

Feb. 5

Exam #1

none

 

Unit 2: The economic purposes of schooling in a “democratic” society: Education toward work, caste, and consumption

Feb. 7

What were Plato’s views on democracy? What were the purposes of education for Plato? To what extent do these same goals and views drive education today?

Plato , chs. 2, 3, and 6

 

Feb. 12

What are the purposes of schooling in a capitalist society?

Bowles and Gintis

Hewitt

Feb. 14

In what ways have capitalism and marketing infiltrated schools? To what extent do you see this as being problematic? Why?

None, Video, Captive Audience

Feb. 19

What are some primary models of schooling? What was the express purpose of each? What was the hidden effect? What is equal educational opportunity? To what extent does equal educational opportunity exist? Are our schools democratic?

Spring, ch. 2

 

Feb. 21

What are the political conditions/ideals that promote and/or allow for “capitalist schooling”?

Apple, ch. 2

Feb. 26

What is classism? What are the effects of class on equal educational opportunity?

Mantsios

Persell

Feb. 28

What is “common sense?” Does capitalist schooling contribute to or detract from democracy?

Apple, ch. 3

March 4

Review

none

March 6

Exam #2

none

 

Unit 3: The Lack of  Equal Educational Opportunity: Race and Gender

 

March 11

What is racism? What is the relationship between class and race?

Spring, pp. 88-99

McIntosh

Yamato

March 13

What does it mean to be “color blind?” Is color blindness a “privilege?” What are the effects of racism on equal educational opportunity?

Orfield

Schofield

 

March 17-21

Spring Break

 

March 25

What is sexism? How does it affect opportunities for women/girls? How does it affect the educational experience of men/boys?

Spring, pp. 99-107

Martino

 

March 27

What does it mean to be masculine? How are improper masculinities constructed?

None, Video, Tough Guise

April 1

What is heterosexism? How is it related to sexism? How does it affect everyone’s educational experience?

Friend

Elze

O’Conor

 

April 3

How should we teach about sexual orientation? To whom?

None, Video, It’s Elementary

April 8

Review

none

April 10

Exam #3

none

 

Unit 4: Seeking Equal Educational Opportunity: Pedagogy and Policy

 

April 15

What is multicultural education?

Spring, ch. 5 (153-179)

April 17

What does Breault mean by the expression "pedagogy for the oppressor?" What is culturally relevant teaching and how do we do it?

Breault

Jupp

DuBois

 

April 22

How do Giroux and Chomsky add to our understanding of a “pedagogy for the oppressor?”

Giroux

Chomsky

April 24

What is “school choice?” How might Apple or Bowles & Gintis critique it? What is NCLB and how does it affect equal educational opportunity? How might Chomsky or Apple critique NCLB or the other policies reviewed by Spring?

Spring, ch. 6 (183-217) and 218-236

April 29

Review

none

May 1

Exam #4

none

The official finals day for this class is Wednesday, May 7, 8:00 AM.

Note: The class will sit Exam #4 on May 1 ONLY IF ALL students agree that that is in their best interest. Otherwise, exam #4 will be taken on May 7.