Study Guide for Exam 2
As usual, I do not expect you to know all the names of enzymes and every intermediate molecule in a pathway. You should be able to draw the structures and know which cofactors are involved.
My exams never simply test how well/much you can memorize & regurgitate. They are also designed to test how much you understand. That is, the WHY of things, the implications of the way things work in biochemical pathways, how things are integrated in the cell, etc.
You should know:
Ch. 20
*Rubisco
C-shuffling reactions: Transketolase & Transaldolase
*Calvin cycle - reductive pentose-Pi pathway
photorespiration
C3 vs. C4 metabolism (Hatch-Slack pathway)
(Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway)
(Regulation of Calvin cycle enzymes)
(Transport of metabolites)
Starch & sucrose synthesis
NOT covered: glycolate pathway (in detail)
Ch. 21
*Acetyl-CA carboxylase
*Fatty acid synthesis (Fatty acid synthase mechanism)
FA desaturation
Synthesis of triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids
(Shuttles to export of acetyl-CoA)
Sphingolipid synthesis
NOT covered: ether lipids, sterols, isoprenoids, lipid transport (in the body)
Ch. 22
*Nitrogenase
*Glutamine synthetase & glutamate synthase (regulation)
Glutamine amidotransferases
*Amino acid synthesis:
Pro & Arg synthesis
Gly & Ser synthesis
Asp & Asn synthesis
S metabolism & synthesis of Cys & Met
Val, Ile, Leu synthesis
Chorismate –> prephenate –> Phe, Tyr
Trp synthase
Salvage pathways (Pro –> Arg, Met –> Cys, Phe –> Tyr)
*Pyrimidine synthesis ( –> OMP –> UMP –> UTP, CTP)
*Purine synthesis (de novo –> IMP –> AMP, GMP)
Ribonucleotide reductase
Synthesis of thymidine
(Regulation of purine/pyrimidine metabolism)
(Purine salvage)
NOT covered: glutathione, porphyrins, catabolism of purines & pyrimidines
[Items in *bold are more important. Those in (parentheses) are less. But anything on this list is fair game.]